Picasso and his influence on Art Deco
Nothing looks more Art Deco than Picasso's "Three Musicians" of 1921. Its black, white and red angular lines could be from any poster for a jazz concert of the period. The faces of the three musicians, supposed to be the artist himself and his friends the poets Apollinaire and Max Jacobs, are formed of squares and triangles and seem to be wearing bandannas around their eyes which are just holes. This geometric, flat, two dimensional design became typical of the Art Deco period and could be seen in the posters and advertising prints throughout the 1920s and 30s. Said to be Picasso's last Cubist painting, it was the culmination of a period which started in 1907 when he was working very closely with Georges Braque in Paris. Living for 92 years, the periods of collaboration with Braque and the Cubists, and his one exhibition with the Surrealists, were relatively short and he preferred to keep his distance from any particular movement. And after all, nowadays the name Picasso is so well known that he doesn't need a label to pigeon hole him. His influence on twentieth century art is so widespread as to be unquantifiable. Born Pablo Ruiz y Picasso in Malaga, Spain, the son of a painter, Pablo could draw before his could speak and his first word was "Lapiz" or pencil. At the age of 14 he was taken on as a senior student at the Barcelona School of Fine Arts where his father now worked. By the age of 19 Pablo had gravitated to the mecca of all artists - Montmartre, Paris. His famous "Blue Period" dates from this time, when he was depressed following the suicide of a close friend. But the love of a beautiful young woman named Fernande Olivier heralded the beginning of a happier time, the "Rose Period" Pablo and Fernande lived in a dilapidated building nicknamed the "Bateau Lavoir" or Laundry Boat which was a magnet for poet and artist friends. It was at this time that he became fascinated by the "primitive art" of ancient artifacts from Africa, Latin America and the Pacific Islands and his friendship with Georges Braque began. In 1907 he completed Les Demoiselles D'Avignon, the painting which many said launched Cubism and which illustrated his love of African masks. He and Braque were inseparable for the next few years and travelled together to Céret, a tiny village in the Catalan Pyrenees where the pair worked for the summer of 1911 and began introducing snippets of music, newspaper cuttings, lettering and bits of advertising posters into their paintings. During this summer Picasso had produced a series of Cubist paintings of Fernande , but their relationship faltered and in 1912 she left for an Italian painter. Pablo in turn lured Marcelle Humbert (nicknamed "Eva" away from her Cubist artist lover Louis Marcoussis. The new couple spent much of 1912 and 1913 in Barcelona and Céret, during which years Picasso also experimented with sculpture, making "Guitar" out of sheet metal and wire, but returned to Paris where he continued to work with Braque until 1914. "Eva" died in 1915 of tuberculosis. WWI scattered the Cubists and was effectively the end of the movement. Pablo moved onto other things. In 1917 he designed the sets and costumes for a Ballet Russes production of "Parade" in Barcelona. The ballet was described as Surrealist by Apollinaire, which was the first use of the word. Pablo was to marry a dancer he met at the Ballet Russes, Olga Koklova in 1918 who bore him his first child Paul. He enjoyed high society but settled down to a more conservative life with Olga. Although he exhibited with the Surrealists, he avoided being labelled and later kept his distance. Picasso's influence on Art Deco style is difficult to quantify, but elements of the Cubist's art - the abstract, the angular, the two dimensional became staples of Art Deco design. By the 1930s he was the most respected artist of the age, retrospectives of his work being held in Paris, Barcelona and Switzerland. The exhibition is at the Art Gallery of NSW until 25 March 2012, and then the very last chance to see the works outside Paris is at the Art Gallery of Ontario in Toronto from 1 May to 23 August 2012. After that the paintings will be on their way back home. I've chosen a selection of my favourites from Picasso's Cubist paintings. You can enjoy them on your own wall very cheaply from Art.com. You can buy them framed or unframed in a range of sizes.
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